Roofing



June 7, 1932. 5. 1. BENNETT ROOFING Filed Sept. 21, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet1 o-gfl W INVENTOR June 7, 1932 s. BENNETT ROOFING Filed Sept. 21, 19262 Sheets-Sheet 2 M INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented June 7, 1932 ROOFINGApplication filed September My invention relates to roofing, and moreparticularly to a construction of roofing embodying therein metallicsheets or strips which may be so connected with other parts of the roofstructure and with adjacent sheets or strips as to form acontinuousweatherprcol structure which, while fairly light in weight, will possessgreat durability.

A roof embodying my invention is formed mainly of separate sheets orstrips which in their entirety are fabricated inthe factory or shop, theconstruction and arrangement these sheets or strips being such that incombination with members co-operating therewith, which members mayeither formapart of the sheets or strips, or be separate therefrom, asubstantially continuous uninterrupted roof structure may be formed, thevarious parts of which are mounted in rela tion to the puriins and toother portions of the roofing without the use of nails or other devicespassing through the roofing sheets or strips, and without the formationof crevices of any kind, or the mutilation or defor mation of the sheetsor strips in a manner to permit water to accumulate thereon, or to seeptherethrough.

fire roofing sheets or strips each comprises a continuous facing of thinsheet metal, havlug formed at the opposite ends thereof, members adaptedto interlock with co-operating members at the ends oi other sheets orstrips, and the side edges of the metal facing sheet are so formed as toprovide side 'n' )5 extending outwardly of other portions of he sheet,thus not only permitting the use of cover mouldings or binders'forsecuring adjacent sheets or strips in position with re .lation to eachother, but forming a weather-- proof joint at the seam betweensuchsheets or strips.

The metallic facing is provided with a permanent backing, which inaddition to im- V, parting rigidity to the sheet orstrip,will form anetl'ective body of heat insulation. The rigidity of the sheet or stripmay be enhanced, and the permanency in the relation of the body of theinsulating filler and the sheet metal facing may be assured. by suitablereenforcements imbedded in said filler 21, 1926. Serial No. 136,741.

and connected with the material of the fac ing sheet.

The metal facing sheet of each roofing sheet or strip may be formed witha sequence of steps simulating the edges of shingles, this formationimparting lateral rigidity to each sheetor strip and checking the upwardflow of Water in the event of high winds, the stepped formationextending from side web to side web of the sheet. or strip, and beingformed integrally therewith.

The roofing of my invention is designed primarily for use upon pitchedroofs, and the manner of uniting the different sheets or strips is suchas to adapt them for use upon various styles and forms of such roofs.

While in covering a building with roofing embodying the invention,sheets or strips of standard dimensions may be used throughout the majorportion or" the root, it is necessary to provide sheets or strips ofspecial construction for use in forming the eaves of a building, and tomake filler strips at the opposite ends of the roof of a building duringthe roofing operation and combine therewith suitable flashing when endcopings are used.

It is also essential to provide aspecial ridge construction for theroofing.

In conjunction with sheets or strips of the character ubO" referred to,I provide means by which such sheets or strips may be secured directlyto metal purlins, which means, in conjunction with the cover mouldingsor binders and the means securing the eaves sections in position, willensure the desired permanency in the relation of the roofing sheets orstrips to the roof structure proper.

The construction of the cover mouldings or binders is such as to deflectfalling water and prevent water from passing by capillary attractionbetween such mouldings or binders and the edge webs and between theabutting side webs of adjoining sheets or strips.

The invention consists in roofing containthe novel features ofconstruction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth anddescribed, and more particularly pointed out in the claims heretoappended.

Referring to the drawings,

IOU

Fig. 1 is a plan View of a fragmentary portion of the roof of a buildingembodying roofing made in accordance with my inven tion;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. is a section on the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4- is an enlarged detail view of the adjacent ends of twocooperating sheets or strips upon a larger scale than Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary portion adjacent the ridge of a roof;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 77 of Fig. 2, illustrating themanner of attaching the roof sections to the purlins;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line 66 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 8 is a bottom perspective view of the weather face condensedlongitudinally and laterally.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views of thedrawings.

In roofing embodying the invention, it is desirable to use as much aspossible, units of standard construction and dimensions, and to havethese units as large as may be conveniently handled in order to reducethe labor of installation, it will readily be appreciated that in theconstruction of a roof it is neces sary to use sections other than thoseof stand ard dimensions, particularly at the ends of a roof and at theside eaves thereof. With a straight run of roofing, standard roofingunits may be used, however, and by their use the const-uction of a roofmay be much expedited.

lVith the above premise, particular reference will be had to theembodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, in which a portion ofa roof structure is shown including standard roofing unit, aspecialfiller unit and a special eaves unit.

The standard roofing and special eaves units are fabricated in the shop.The special filler unit is fabricated on the job, since special fittingis required.

Referring first to the standard units, each of these units comprises aroofing sheet or strip composed of a facing 10 of thin sheet metal stockhaving permanently connected therewith a reinforcing backing or filler11 composed of any desired plastic or cement, or such a plastic orcement having an aggregate of ashes, granular wood or cork, or somefibrous material which will ensure lightness and strength in the backingor filler, while at the same time imparting heat insulating propertiesthereto.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the greatestthickness of the sheet or strip is about one and one-eighth inches,while its minimum thickness is about three-quarters of an inch. Thisvariance in he thickness of the sheet or strip at different pointsthereof is due to the step formation of V the facing sheet.

To ensure permanency in the relation of the facing 10 and the backing orfiller 11, l secure adjacent each end of the facing 10, in any desiredmanner as by spot or other welding methods, an end plate such as 12, andsecure to these end plates and to the facing 10, also by spot or otherwelding methods, webbed reinforcing members 13 serving to resistvertical deflection of different portions of the facing 10, and at thesame time afford means to which a. reinforcing metallic mesh 1 1 may besecured in relation to the facing 10,-and by being imbedded in thematerial of the filler or backing 11, give stability to this material.By this construction, I secure substantial rigidity throughout the unit,and a fairly light roofing unit having water resisting qualities due tothe use of the facing 10, and effective heat insulating properties dueto the backing or filler 11. The bottom of each end plate 12 is providedwith an inwardly bent portion 15 adapted to so engage the filler 11 atthis point as to afford an effective support for the filler and minimizelikelihood of t 1c breakage of the same, adjacent the ends of the unit.

The facing 10 is provided with outwardly turned integral side websadapted to cooperate with similar side w-ebs of adjacent units to formstanding seams, the opening of which seams is so positioned in relationto the plane of the roof as to prevent the flow of water therethroughfrom the portion of the facing intermediate said webs. These webs areindicated at 16 and 17 and may be two or three inches in height.

The portion of the facing 10 intermediate the webs 16 and 17 ispreferably stepped, as shown, with the two-fold object of interruptingthe continuity of the roofing so as to check, to a certain extent, theupward movement of water in case of high winds, to give a decorativefinish to the roofing somewhat simi ar to that of ordinary shingles, andto impart transverse 'dity to the unit. and thus permit an increase inthe strength and durability thereof while limiting the amount ofstrengthening material required by way of reinforcement to the facing 10Each end of each unit, excepting the eaves units, is provided with amember adapted to interlock with a co-operating member upon an adjacentunit, the construction of these interlocking members being such as toprovide an effective barrier to the passage of water through the jointbetween the ends of adjacent units, and at the same time assist inmaintaining the desired co-operative relation of the various units ofwhich a roof is composed.

In forming said co-operating, interlocking, weather-proof members, 1separate the stepped portions of the facing 10 from the adjacent sidewebs 16 and 17 and form or roll one end of the strip intermediate theside webs forming a slot towards the inner 19 adapted to enter the slotin the keep-er 18 and thus form an effective barrier against the passageof water between the upper end of a lower unit, and the lower end of anupper unit. The space between the tongue 19 and the side webs 16 and 17is closed by solder or other means.

The portions of the facing 10 used in the formation of the keeper 18 andof the tongue 19 are positioned beyond the end plates 12, and hence ofthe backing or filler 11. The keeper 18 must be spaced away from the adjacent end plate 12 a distance sufficient to permit the necessarymovement of the unit carrying same in relation to the unit carrying theco-operating tongue 19 in engaging and setting these members. The spacebetween the ends of adjacent units may be filled by the workmen duringthe construction of the roof with cement or other material, which willsecure substantial continuity of the roofing as a whole.

The length of the units is preferably such that with ordinary spacing ofpurlins P, the

adjacent ends of co-operating' units will rest upon a purlin and thusform a suitably closed pocket for the filling material between suchunits.

The units are held against the pur'lins and in relation to adjacent sideunits by means of cleats 20 made of thin metal stock, one end of whichis so formed as to engage the lower fiange of the purlin. The materialof this cleat is turned as shown at 21, so as to permit the other end ofthe cleat to pass between the webs 16 and 17 of adjacent units, theextreme end of the cleat passing over and engaging a side web 16 or 17.

T'Vhilethe webs 16 and 17 of adjacent units --will have a fairly closefit, nevertheless it 1S spreading of the moulding or binder tofacilitate its application to the adjacent side webs with which itco-operates. Projecting from this head upon opposite sides of the slotformed in the bottom thereof are downwardly and outwardly flared skirts23 and 24 of a length to position them well above the facing 10, thus inaddition to deflecting any water falling upon the moulding or binderaway from the webs 16 and 17, preventing water from passing, bycapillary attraction or otherwise, between the mould ing or binder andthe webs, and its seepage across the tops of and between said webs.These mouldings or binde s may be made of any desired length, and may beclosed by means of special tools upon the side webs in a manner toassist in retaining the units in position, thus supplementing the actionof the cleats 20 and other devices used for securing the roofing toother parts of the roof structure.

The edges of the side webs 16 and 17 pref, erably are formed or bentlaterally as at 16a and 17a, these offset portions entering the head ofthe moulding or binder 22 and serving to prevent the accidental liftingof the moulding or binder. They also serve as reinforcements for thewebs.

The above construction applies to standardized units, special units asheretofore stated, being used in the eaves section of the roof and atthe sides of the roof adjacent the coping when such are used. The eavessection itself is constructed the same as the standard unit sectionswith the exception that the facing 10'is separated from the side webs 16and 17 for a considerable distance beyond the end of the filler l1, andthe portion of the facing intermediate the side webs 16 and 17 is bentacross the end of the filler as shown at 25 and below the filler 11 asshown at 26 with the portion of the facing adjacent the edge thereofbent at right angles as shown at 27 so as to permit it to be attached tothe framing A of the building by nails or otherwise, thus protecting thefacia by the sheet metal. These sections may be made in their entiretyin the shop of different standard lengths to meet differentrequirements, or workmen on the job may remove the filler, cut the metalof the facing and form it in the manner described. It is preferable tomake this section in the shop. The means for securing the portion 25 tothe framing of the building will also assist in securing the roofing tothe other parts of the roof structure.

Each side or filler section comprises a continuous strip of sheet metal28, one edge of which is adapted to form a flashing at the coping, andthe other edge of which is proided with a side web 29 corresponding inconstruction with the'side webs 16 and 17. The intermediate portion ofthe strip 28 forms the bottom of the unit and is adapted to receive aplastic filling material like that used in the filler 11, indicated at30 in the drawings, and webs 31 and wire reinforcement 32 correspondingwith the webs 13 and reinforcement 14: in the other units. Between theflashing section of the strip 28 and the side web 29, a stepped sheetmetal facing section 10a is secured as by means of soldering, thisfacing section resting upon the cementitious filler. The facing 10a ofeach filler section .is connected with an adjacent filler section byco-operating interlocking members like the members 18 and 19 used uponthe standard units. When positioning the facingsheet lOa,t-he filler 11awill be sufficiently plastic to permit the proper positioning of thissheet and the proper density of the mass of filler in the completedsection.

In conjunction with units heretofore described, I provide a ridge cap 33formed of sheet metal and having openings 34: therethrough to receivethe mouldings or binders 22. This cap is secured in relation to theridge in any desired manner as by means of lag screws 35, and servesmerely as a shield to with different forms of roofing, serve merely toprevent the lifting of the ridge cap.

The side webs 16 and 17 adjacent the interlocking members 18 and 19extend beyond the facing 10 to any desired extent, so as to form a lapjoint at the facia, and the seams about the interlocking members may beclosed in any desired manner as by means of solder.

The end and bottom of the eaves section forming the facia will have onlythe metal facing exposed, and the ends of the side webs 16 and 17 may beextended beyond the upper facing of the eaves section to any de siredextent to permit the formation of a lap joint at this point.

The units toward the peak of the roof must be cut and fitted so as tomake a fairly tight joint between those upon one side and those upon theother side of the peak.

lVith the use of roofing as herein described, the labor cost ofinstallation not only will be very much reduced, as the amount offitting and soldering required will be small, as compared with ordinaryroofing methods, because of the size of the units and the use of themouldings or binders, and peak caps for clos ing the main seams.

Throughout roofing embodying the invention, there is no puncturing ofthe metal facings as when nails are used, and consequently there is nopossibility of the formation of leaks as the result of rusting aboutopenings for nails or other securing means. IVhile the ridge cap issecured in position by means passing therethrough, as the lag screws 35,a weather tight joint about these screws may be formed by solderingorotherwise. Likelihood of leakage about the nails securing the facingstrip at the facia to the building framing is absent or negligent.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown, and have herein described,fairly heavy roofing material, the thickness of the units describedbeing desirable because of the heat insulating properties of the filler11- 11a, it being understood that much lighter roofing embodying theinvention may be used if desired by employing a shallower filler,although such a practice sacrifices some of the heat insulatingproperties of the roofing and lessens the rigidity of the various units.

Each unit herein referred to consists of a backing of heat insulatingmaterial having a weather face of sheet metal having side webs extendingupwardly of the facing and away from the backing. The backing is securedto the facing by means of metallic reinforcements imbedded in thebacking and permanently secured to the facing by means of end platesdepending from the facing. The facing has no side plates and the unithas neither side nor bottom plates, the backin g being exposed on bothedges and throughout the bottom thereof. The term facing as herein usedmeans a top or weather facing for the insulating material.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the precise details ofconstruction shown in the drawings, it being apparent that such may bevaried without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to haveprotected by Letters Patent, is

1. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material,metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing byattachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, and meansco-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position.

2. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof, a backing of cement and an aggregate oflight weight, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to saidfacing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing,and means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlins forholding said unit in position.

3. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extendingoutwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material, end platessecured to said facing, reinforcing members secured to, and extendingbetween, said end plates, a reinforcing mesh secured to said reinforcingmembers, said reinforcing members and said mesh being imbedded in saidbacking, and means co-operating with said side webs and with the purlinsfor holding said unit in position.

4:. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extendingoutwardly thereof, a backing of cement and an aggregate of light weight,end plates secured to said facing, reinforcing members secured to, andextending between,

I insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relationto said facing by attachment to said end plates and imbedded in saidbacking, and means co-operating with said s de webs and with the purlinsfor holding said unit in position.

6 Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extendingoutwardly thereof, interlocking operating with said members formed uponthe opposite ends of the facing of said unit and adapted to en-- gageco-operating locking members upon an adjacent unit, a backing of heatinsulating 1 material, end plates secured to said facing,

reinforcing members secured to, and extend ing between, said end plates,a reinforcing mesh secured to said reinforcing members, said reinforcingmembers and said mesh b ing imbedded in said backing, and means cosidewebs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

7. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal. facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof, a bacl ing of heat insulating mate rial,metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing byattachment to said end plates and imbedded in said back ing, meansco-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position, and a moulding adapted to be mounted upon the sidewebs of adjacent units and close the seam between said side webs.

8. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving a sequence of stepped portions, integral side webs extendingoutwardly thereof, interlocking members formed upon the opposite ends ofthe facing of said unit and adapted to en gage co-operating lockingmembers upon an adjacent unit, a backing of heat insulating material,end plates secured to said facing,

reinforcing members secured to, and eXtending between, said end plates,a reinforcing mesh. secured to said reinforcing members, saidreinforcing members and said mesh being imbedded in said backing, meansco-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position, and a moulding adapted to be mounted upon the sidewebs of adjacent units and close the seams between said side webs.

9. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof, a backing of heat insulating material,metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing byattachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing, meansco-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position, and a moulding having a head adapted to receive thetop edges of the side webs of adjacent units and close the seam betweensame, and laterally and outwardly. flared skirts upon opposite sides ofsaid head, said skirts terminating above said sheet metal facing.

10-. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof, a keeper at one end of said unit formedof the material of said facing intermediate said side webs andpresenting a slot beneath said facing, and a tongue formed at the otherend of said facing, said keeper and said tongue respectively beingadapted to interlock with a co-operating tongue and keeper upon adjacentunits, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcementmeans secured in relation to said. facing by attachment to said endplates and imbedded in said backing, and means co-operating with saidside webs and with the purlins for holding said unit in position.

11. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof, a keeper at one end of said unit formedof the material of said facing intermediate said side webs andpresenting a slot beneath said facing, and a tongue formed at the otherend of said facing, said keeper and said tongue respectively beingadapted to interlock with a cooperating tongue and keeper upon adjacentunits, a backing of heat insulating material, metallic reinforcementmeans secured in relation to said facing by attachment to said endplates and imbedded in said backing, means co-operating with said sidewebs and with the purlins for holding side welbs of adjacent units andclose the .seam between same, and laterally and outwardly flared skirtsupon opposite sides of said head, said skirts terminating above saidsheet metal facing.

12. Roofing embodying therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof, end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof. a backing of heat insulating; material.metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing byattachment to said end plates and imbedded in said backing. meansco-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position. and a. metallic ridge cap adapted to be secured to theridge of a roof and to shield the seam between units upon opposite sidesof the peak.

13. Roofing embodying" therein a unit consisting of a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof. end plates secured theretoand extending inwardly thereof. a. backing of heat insulating material.metallic reinforcement means secured in relation to said facing byattachment to said end. plates and imbedded in said backing. meansco-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position. a moulding having a head adanted. to receive the topedges of the side webs of adjacent units and close the seam betweensame. and laterally and outwardly flared skirts upon opposite sides ofsaid head having skirts terminating above said sheet metal facing. theskirts upon a unit adjacent the peak of a roof having; slots therein,and a ridge cap having openings therein adapted to fit the head of themoulding: and pass through said openings in the skirts thereof. saidridge cap being adapted to be secured to the ridge of a roof and toshield the seam between units upon opposite sides of the peak.

14. In roofing, the combination with units each consisting of a sheetmetal facing having side webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing ofheat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured inrelation to said facing and imbedded in said backing, and meansco-operating with said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position, of eave sections each comprising a sheet metal facinghaving side webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing of heatinsulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured in relation tosaid facing and imbedded in said backing, means co-operating with saidside webs and with the purlins for holding said section in position, andan extension of the facing projecting beyond said backing and bent tocover the exposed edge and the bottom thereof, and to afford meansforattaching the edge of the extension to the framing of a building.

15. In roofing the combination with units each consisting of a sheetmetal facing having side'webs extending outwardly thereof, a backing ofheat insulating material, metallic reinforcement means secured inrelation to said facing and imbedded in said backin and meansco-operating with .said side webs and with the purlins for holding saidunit in position, of filler sections each comprising a continuous stripof sheet metal having one edge bent to form a flashing, and the otheredge bent to form a side web, a facing strip secured to said flashingand to said side web. heat insulating" material between said facingstrip and said sheet metal strip, metallic reinforcement means imbeddedin said heat insulating material. and means co-operating' with said sideweb and with the purlins for holding said section in position.

In witness whereof I have hereunto af fixed my signature, this 7th dayof September, 1926.

GEORGE L. BENNETT.

